Collegian
Volume 16, Issue 3 , Pages 153-162 , July 2009

Development and psychometric testing of the Belongingness Scale–Clinical Placement Experience: An international comparative study

  • Tracy Levett-Jones, RN, PhD, MEd & Work, BN, DipAppSc (Nursing), MRCNA

      Affiliations

    • School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +61 02 4921 6559; fax: +61 02 4921 6301.
    • ,
  • Judith Lathlean, DPhil, MA, BSc(Hons), BSc(Econ)

      Affiliations

    • School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Southampton, Nightingale Building (67), University Road, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
    • Tel.: +44 02 3 8059 8234; fax: +44 02 3 8059 7900.
    • ,
  • Isabel Higgins, RN, PhD, MN

      Affiliations

    • School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
    • Tel.: +61 02 49214791.
    • ,
  • Margaret McMillan, RN, PhD, MA (Hons), BA, DipNursEd

      Affiliations

    • Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
    • Tel.: +61 02 4921 6783; fax: +61 02 4921 2020.

Received 13 January 2009 ,Revised 26 April 2009 ,Accepted 29 April 2009.

References 

  1. Anant S. Belongingness and mental health: Some research findings. Acta Psychologia. 1967;26:391–396
  2. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company; 1997;
  3. Baumeister R, Leary M. The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin. 1995;117(3):497–529
  4. Burns R. The self concept in theory, measurement development and behaviour. Essex: Harlow; 1979;
  5. Clark C. Deviant adolescent subcultures: Assessment strategies and clinical interventions. Adolescence. 1992;27(106):283–293
  6. Department of Health . NHS plan. London: Department of Health; 2000;
  7. Devlin M. Older and wiser? A comparison of learning and study strategies of mature aged and younger teacher education students. Higher Education Research and Development. 1996;15(1):51–60
  8. Hagerty B, Lynch-Sauer J, Patusky K, Bouwsema M. An emerging theory of human relatedness. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 1993;25(4):291–296
  9. Heath P, Duncan P, Lowe E, Macri S. National Review of Nursing Education 2002—Our duty of care. Canberra: Department of Education, Science and Training (DEST); 2002;
  10. Jeffreys M. Nursing student retention. New York: Springer; 2004;
  11. Kear M. Concept analysis of self-efficacy. Graduate Research in Nursing. 2000;2(2):1–9
  12. Lakin, J. (2003). Exclusion and the role of nonconcious behavioral mimicry: The role of belongingness threat. Unpublished PhD, The Ohio State University, Ohio, USA.
  13. Leppel K. Similarities and differences in the college persistence of men and women. Review of Higher Education. 2002;25(4):433–450
  14. Levett-Jones T, Bourgeois S. The clinical placement: An essential guide for nursing students. Sydney: Elsevier; 2007;
  15. Levett-Jones T, Lathlean J. Belongingness: A prerequisite for nursing students’ clinical learning. Nurse Education in Practice. 2008;36:103–111
  16. Levett-Jones T, Lathlean J, Maguire J, McMillan M. Belongingness: A critique of the concept and implications for nursing education. Nurse Education Today. 2007;27(3):210–218
  17. Levett-Jones T, Lathlean J, McMillan M, Higgins I. Belongingness: A montage of nursing students’ stories of their clinical placement experiences.. Contemporary Nurse. 2007;24(2):
  18. Levett-Jones T, Lathlean J, McMillan M, Higgins I. The duration of clinical placements: A key influence on nursing students’ experience of belongingness. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2008;26(3):8–16
  19. Levett-Jones T, Lathlean J, McMillan M, Higgins I. Staff–student relationships and their impact on nursing students’ belongingness and learning. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2009;65(2):316–324
  20. Maslow A. Motivation and personality. 3rd ed.. New York: Harper and Row; 1987;
  21. Myall M, Levett-Jones T, Lathlean J. Mentorship in contemporary practice: The experiences of nursing students and practice mentors. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2008;17:1834–1842
  22. Peach L. Fitness for practice. London: United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting; 1999;
  23. Sargent J, Williams R, Hagerty B, Lynch-Sauer J, Hoyle K. Sense of belonging as a buffer against depressive symptoms. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association. 2002;8:120–129
  24. Senate Report. (2002). Review of the Senate Community Affairs Committee. The patient profession: Time for action. Report on the Inquiry into Nursing. From <http://www.apa.gov.au/senate/committee/clac_ctte/nursing/report/contents.html> Retrieved 27.08.2006.
  25. Shakya A, Horsdall J. ESL undergraduate nursing students in Australia: Some experiences. Nursing and Health Sciences. 2000;2:163–171
  26. Somers, M. (1999). Development and preliminary validation of a measure of belongingness. Unpublished PhD, Temple University, Philadelphia.

PII: S1322-7696(09)00032-8

doi: 10.1016/j.colegn.2009.04.004

Collegian
Volume 16, Issue 3 , Pages 153-162 , July 2009

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